The Western United States (WUS) is one of Earth's most tectonically active regions, characterized by widespread and complex crustal deformation manife...

Seismic anisotropy could provide vital information about the evolution and internal convection of the deep Earth interior. Although previous seismolog...

Continental lithospheres consist of tectonically active margins and relatively stable cratonic interiors. Orogenic events at convergent margins result...

Cratons, the oldest and most stable continental blocks on Earth, are thought to owe their long-term stability to the neutrally buoyant Sub-Cratonic Li...

Despite extensive studies, the mechanisms and forces driving cratonic evolution remain debated. Seismic imaging provides critical constraints on the s...

According to the theory of plate tectonics, continents, especially their ancient cratonic cores, are structurally intact over billions of years. Howev...

The driving force behind the Cenozoic Indian-Asia collision remains elusive. Using global-scale geodynamic modeling, we find that the continuous motio...

Subducting slabs and mantle plumes are two end-member mechanisms for driving vertical flow inside the Earth. However, their mutual interactions remain...