Electron pitch angle distributions (PADs) are crucial to revealing electron acceleration and heating in geospace. The electron PADs in the Earth's ...

While Mars lacks a global intrinsic magnetic field, it does exhibit crustal magnetic anomalies (mostly in its Southern Hemisphere). These crustal m...

Energy conversion between the fields and the particles occurs through various physical processes within space environments. Magnetic reconnection s...

Using high‐resolution data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, an electron‐only reconnection current sheet is found between two...

Identifying how different wave modes interaction with each other is an important topic in space physics. Using measurements from the Magnetospheric...

Heavy particles are extensively detected in the space environment, especially in the solar wind and interplanetary magnetosphere. Various physical ...

Dipolarization fronts (DFs) are widely believed to host energy conversion processes. However, which mechanism is responsible for the energy convers...

Magnetic reconnection is the physical process that converts the energy from the fields to the plasmas in space, astrophysical and laboratory plasma...