The physical mechanisms governing the refilling of the plasmasphere are still not fully understood, with many models predicting a two stage refilling ...

Following plasmaspheric erosion, cold and dense plasma in the ionosphere starts to fill the empty flux-tubes in the closed magnetic field line region....

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are plasma waves occurring primarily between four and ten L-shell. Generally, EMIC waves will persist for a...

Electron acceleration mechanisms in the radiation belts are greatly entangled, leaving dominant processes a topic of significant debate. The miniaturi...

Precipitation into the atmosphere has been shown to be an important loss process for energetic particles, but when, where, and how much this contribut...

Balloon probe launches are a highly economical approach for gathering data from Earth's upper atmosphere using deployed instrumentation. Yet, a lack o...

There are still many unknowns around loss mechanisms in the radiation belts. Microbursts are believed to be one important process for this loss. Howev...

Energetic particle precipitation into Earths atmosphere is a critical process both for magnetospheric dynamics as well as atmospheric chemistry. CubeS...